VIB研究所利用WIWAM XY植物表型成像系統(tǒng)發(fā)表關(guān)于擬南芥研究的論文

VIB研究所發(fā)表利用WIWAM XY植物表型成像系統(tǒng)發(fā)表關(guān)于擬南芥研究的論文

最近，來自比利時根特大學(xué)的專家利用WIWAM XY植物表型系統(tǒng)發(fā)表了題為Arabidopsis thaliana GRF3-like transcription factors under different growth conditions的文章，發(fā)表在植物學(xué)著名期刊New Phytologist上。利用WIWAM XY最早進(jìn)行擬南芥研究的文章發(fā)表在Nature Biotechnology上，影響因子高達(dá)40。
 
作為全球第一家將大規(guī)模自動化理念和工業(yè)級零件和設(shè)備整合入植物成像系統(tǒng)的廠家，SMO公司在植物表型成像分析領(lǐng)域處于全球領(lǐng)先的技術(shù)前列，大面積葉綠素?zé)晒獬上裣到y(tǒng)使WIWAM成為植物表型分析與功能成像領(lǐng)域最為先進(jìn)的儀器設(shè)備，植物生長、脅迫響應(yīng)等測量參數(shù)達(dá)幾百個。工業(yè)級部件品質(zhì)使系統(tǒng)非常耐用，基本免維護(hù)，與同類產(chǎn)品相比，特點(diǎn)突出。目前WIWAM植物表型平臺分為WIWAM XY，WIWAM Line以及WIWAM Conveyor 3個系列。野外移動版稱為WIWAM Screening。
 
WIWAM XY是一款高通量可重復(fù)性表型機(jī)器人， 用于對小型植物, 如擬南芥植物的研究。該機(jī)器人可定期對多種植物參數(shù)進(jìn)行自動化灌溉和并測量多種植物生長參數(shù)。WIWAM XY代替了很多手工處理，省時省錢，精度極高。
 
北京博普特科技有限公司是比利時WIWAM植物表型成像系統(tǒng)中國區(qū)總代理，全面負(fù)責(zé)其系列產(chǎn)品在中國市場的推廣、銷售和售后服務(wù)。


Arabidopsis thaliana GRF3-like transcription factors under different growth conditions
 
Arabidopsis thaliana GRF3-like transcription factors under different growth conditionsMatías Beltramino1, María Florencia Ercoli 1, Juan Manuel Debernardi1, CamilaGoldy1,Arantxa M. L. Rojas1, Florencia Nota2,3, María ElenaAlvarez 2,3, LiesbethVercruyssen4,5,Dirk Inzé 4,5, Javier F. Palatnik1,6 & Ramiro E. Rodriguez 1,6 
 
An increase in crop yield is essential to reassure food security to meet the accelerating global demand. Several genetic modifcations can increase organ size, which in turn might boost crop yield. Still, only in a few cases their performance has been evaluated under stress conditions. MicroRNA miR396 repress the expression of GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) genes that codes for transcription factors that promote organ growth. Here, we show that both Arabidopsis thaliana At-GRF2 and At-GRF3 genes resistant to miR396 activity (rGRF2 and rGRF3) increased organ size, but only rGRF3 can produce this efect without causing morphological defects. Furthermore, introduction of At-rGRF3 in Brassica  oleracea can increase organ size, and when At-rGRF3 homologs from soybean and rice are introduced in Arabidopsis, leaf size is also increased. This suggests that regulation of GRF3 activity by miR396 is important for organ growth in a broad range of species. Plants harboring rGRF3 have larger leaves also under drought stress, a condition that stimulates miR396 accumulation. These plants also showed an increase in the resistance to virulent bacteria, suggesting that the size increment promoted by rGRF3 occurs without an obvious cost on plant defenses. Our fndings indicate that rGRF3 can increase plant organ size under both normal and stress conditions and is a valuable tool for biotechnological applications.Te growth of plant organs is tightly controlled by their developmental program and the interaction with the environment. Leaves initiate as rod-like structures protruding from the shoot apical meristem, pass through diferent developmental stages and become a fat organ specialized in photosynthesis1,2 . Multiple regulatory gene networks are known to participate in the morphogenesis of a leaf, although their precise role and interactions are unknown in many cases.Crop yield is a highly complex trait infuenced by both external and internal factors. Intrinsic Yield Genes (IYG) have been defned as those genes that produce larger organs, such as leaves, roots or seeds, when mutated or ectopically expressed3. In this sense, the precise modifcation of IYG might increase crop yield and therefore they constitute a potential source of biotechnological applications. Te GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) genes code for a family of plant-specifc transcription factors characterized by the presence of the WRC and QLQ protein domains, which have been involved in DNA-binding and protein-protein interaction, respectively4–9 . In Arabidopsis thaliana, there are nine GRF coding genes (GRF1-9). Seven out of them harbor a target site for microRNA miR396. At early stages of leaf development, miR396 is expressed in the distal part of the leaf, restricting the expression of the GRFs to the proximal part, which is coincidental with the proliferative region 1 IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina. 2 CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba(CIQUIBIC), Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Córdoba, Argentina. 4 VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. 5 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. 6 Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina. Matías Beltramino,María Florencia Ercoli and Juan Manuel Debernardi contributed equally. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to J.F.P. (email: palatnik@ibr-conicet.gov.ar) or R.E.R. (email: rrodriguez@ibr-conicet.gov.ar) throughout the organ repressing GRF expression in maturing organs10–12.Te miR396-GRF module is present in a broad range of plants including angiosperms and gymnosperms11,14,15. In certain cases, the ectopic expression of the GRFs is sufcient to increase leaf size. In Arabidopsis, overexpression from the 35S promoter of At-GRF516,17, Brassica napus Bn-GRF218 and Brassica rapa Br-GRF819 promotes a moderate increase of leaf size.Modified GRFs have been generated with synonymous mutations in the miRNA target site to avoid the post-transcriptional repression mediated by miR39612,20. The observation that plants harboring these miR396-resistant versions of At-rGRF2 (rGRF2) or At-rGRF3 (rGRF3) have larger leaves with respect to wild type plants, indicates that miR396 normally restricts organ size through the repression of the genes coding for GRF transcription factors. In good agreement with these results, plants overexpressing miR39612,21 or single grf517 and multiple grf1 grf2 grf35  knock outs have smaller organs.However, increased levels of the GRFs not always results in larger organs in Arabidopsis, as over expression of Oryza sativa Os-GRF1 caused pleiotropic defects, including curled leaves, delayed fowering and defects in carpel development 4 . Results in crops have also been variable. Overexpression of Zm-rGRF1 increased maize leaf size, while it also caused additional detrimental phenotypes such as large macrohairs covering the glumes and the ear rachis that reduced fertility15, while overexpression of Zm-GRF10, which lacks a transactivation domain, reduced maize leaf size22. Furthermore, high levels of At-GRF7 and At-GRF9 caused no major increase of Arabidopsis leaf size23–25. Interestingly, At-GRF7 has been implicated in the response of plants to osmotic stress23, while At-GRF9 has been claimed to be a growth repressor26. Furthermore, in certain organs and conditions, the GRFs can afect both cell number and size27,28. Te capacity of certain GRFs to increase leaf size per se suggests that they can act as IYG increasing plant organ size, and therefore they could be a valuable tool for biotechnological applications. Still, not all the GRFs have a positive impact on organ size, and some of them have even deleterious efects. Here, we characterized different members of the GRF family in Arabidopsis and found that the At-GRF3 gene decoupled from miR396 regulation consistently increase organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana, an ability that likely depends on the protein sequence of the transcription factor. We also show that a miR396-resistant GRF3 can increase leaf size, root length and seed size in transgenic Brassica oleracea. Furthermore, we found that plants expressing the rGRF3 transgene still have an increase in leaf size under mild drought stress and show enhanced resistance to certain plant pathogens. We conclude that GRF transcription factors similar to At-GRF3 can be used to increase plant organ size in Brassicaceae species without an obvious deleterious impact in plant fitness.