葉綠素儀助力菊花施肥中減少氮損失的研究

瀏覽次數(shù)：195　發(fā)布日期：2022-4-27　來源：本站　僅供參考，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載，否則責(zé)任自負(fù)

Dualex是一款源自于法國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院 (CNRS)及巴黎第十一大學(xué)技術(shù)，由奧地利PESSL公司生產(chǎn)（原法國(guó)Force-A公司）開發(fā)的新型多功能葉片測(cè)量?jī)x。它可同時(shí)準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量葉片的葉綠素含量、葉片表層的類黃酮和花青素含量，適用于植物生理學(xué)和農(nóng)學(xué)（如水稻葉綠素濃度，玉米氮素狀況，葡萄藤等）相關(guān)研究。

其測(cè)量對(duì)象可以是單子葉植物，雙子葉植物或多年生植物。這款設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單易用，可進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)和非破壞性測(cè)量。由于不需要校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)定和事先的樣品制備，測(cè)量工作可在實(shí)驗(yàn)室或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)完成。此外，該設(shè)備在各種溫度的和環(huán)境光照條件下均可正常使用。系統(tǒng)采用專利設(shè)計(jì)，光學(xué)傳感器可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單、快速、無損測(cè)量葉片中的葉綠素、多酚以及花青素。

Dualex便攜式智能氣象-葉綠素-花青素-黃酮醇測(cè)量?jī)x

熱點(diǎn)

植物傳感器可以幫助種植者和顧問減少菊花中的氮損失。

對(duì)于葉片水平的傳感器，包括LMA將改善與N的相關(guān)性。

用Dualex測(cè)定的表皮多酚是葉面N的最佳替代物。

NDVI與生物量相關(guān)。

摘要

菊花是全世界普遍種植的觀賞植物。適當(dāng)?shù)牡使⿷?yīng)時(shí)機(jī)對(duì)于優(yōu)質(zhì)作物和種植者的投資回報(bào)至關(guān)重要。次優(yōu)氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)對(duì)商品植物的品質(zhì)有負(fù)面影響，而超優(yōu)氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)由于硝酸鹽淋失而對(duì)環(huán)境有影響。因此，需要（a）工廠氮狀態(tài)的可靠指示器。連續(xù)三年（2016年至2018年）對(duì)兩個(gè)大田盆栽菊花品種“瑪雅”和“奧蘭多”進(jìn)行了研究。為了獲得氮含量的變化，采用了三種不同的氮處理。植物質(zhì)量測(cè)量包括株高、直徑、單位面積葉質(zhì)量（僅2017年和2018年）、生物量、葉片和植株氮含量分析。使用SPAD傳感器（2016年和2017年）和Dualex Scientific傳感器（2017年和2018年）在葉片水平上進(jìn)行光學(xué)測(cè)量，使用GreenSeeker NDVI儀在冠層水平上進(jìn)行光學(xué)測(cè)量。最小施肥處理的生物量、高度和直徑均較小。單位面積葉質(zhì)量對(duì)SPAD和Dualex測(cè)定的氮和葉綠素之間的關(guān)系有影響。與非破壞性葉綠素測(cè)量和氮平衡指數(shù)相比，Dualex測(cè)量的表皮多酚與葉片氮的相關(guān)性更好。由于遠(yuǎn)軸表皮多酚與葉片氮含量高度相關(guān)，且便于田間測(cè)定，因此我們提出該測(cè)定方法為菊花施肥提供決策支持。由于品種的多樣性，有時(shí)是逐年變化的，參考地塊可以為種植者和顧問提供幫助。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，NDVI更容易受到年度變化的影響，但與幾個(gè)質(zhì)量參數(shù)的高度相關(guān)性和使用的便利性使該植被指數(shù)有助于檢測(cè)空間質(zhì)量變化的程度，從而支持在生長(zhǎng)季結(jié)束時(shí)達(dá)到所需植株直徑的地點(diǎn)依賴性N需求。

Utility of proximal plant sensors to support nitrogen fertilization in Chrysanthemum

Highlights

Plant sensors can help growers and advisors to reduce N losses in Chrysanthemum.

For sensors at leaf level, including LMA will improve correlations with N.

Epidermal polyphenol measured with Dualex were the best proxy for foliar N.

NDVIis correlated with biomass.

Abstract

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. is a commonly grown ornamental worldwide. A proper timing of nitrogen (N) supply is essential for a qualitative crop and the return on investment for growers. Sub-optimal nitrogen nutrition negatively influences the commercial plant quality, while supra-optimal N has an environmental impact due to nitrate leaching. Therefore, (a) reliable indicator(s) of plant nitrogen status is/are needed. Two field-grown potted Chrysanthemum cultivars, ‘Maya’ and ‘Orlando’ were studied for three consecutive years (2016–2018). Three different N treatments were applied in order to obtain a variation in N content. Plant quality measurements consisted of plant height, diameter, leaf mass per area (2017 and 2018 only), biomass and foliar and plant N content analysis. Optical measurements were performed with a SPAD sensor (2016 and 2017) and a Dualex Scientific sensor (2017 and 2018) on leaf level and with a GreenSeeker NDVI meter on canopy level. Biomass, height and diameter tended to be smaller in the minimal fertilizer treatments. Leaf mass per area did influence the relation between N and chlorophyll measured with SPAD and Dualex. Epidermal polyphenolics measured with Dualex correlated better with foliar nitrogen than non-destructive chlorophyll measurements and the nitrogen balance index. Since abaxial epidermal polyphenolics were highly correlated with foliar nitrogen and convenient to measure in-field, we propose this measurement for decision support in Chrysanthemum fertilization. Because of cultivar and sometimes year-to-year variability, reference plots can be of help for growers and advisors. NDVI was found to be more susceptible for yearly variation, but very high correlation with several quality parameters and convenience in use make this vegetation index useful for detecting the extent of spatial quality variability and thus support site dependent N requirements to reach the desired plant diameter at the end of the growing season.

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